Howard N

2004- Professor of Economics, Lafayette College

1998-04 Associate Professor of Economics, Lafayette College

1993-98 Assistant Professor of Economics, Lafayette College

1990-93 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, St. Lawrence University

1988-89 Visiting Part-Time Instructor, Rutgers University

Other Appointments

2006-07 Visiting Professor of Economics, Yale University

2001- Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research

Major Grants and Fellowships

2006-08 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation

“African American Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth Century”

2001-04 National Science Foundation, SES-0109165

“The Economics of Race in the Antebellum South”

2000-01 Earhart Foundation

“In the Shadow of Slavery: The Free Black Experience in the Antebellum South”

1995-96 John M. Olin Junior Faculty Fellow

“Banks and the Development of the American Economy”

1989-90 John E. Rovensky Graduate Fellow

“Capital Mobility and Financial Integration in Antebellum America”

Externally Funded Research Grants

2004-05 National Science Foundation (SES-0453995)

“A Longitudinal Study of Free Black Economic Mobility”

2001-02 L.O’Shaugnessy Irish Research Fund, Irish American Cultural Institute

“The Irish and African Americans in the Urban South”

1998-99 Cole Grant-in-Aid, Economic History Association

“The Health and Nutrition of African Americans in the Antebellum South”

1994-95 Cole Grant-in-Aid, Economic History Association

“Country Banking in Antebellum America”

Internally Funded Research Grants

2005-06 Academic Research Committee, Lafayette College

“What Does Black and Mulatto in the Federal Censuses Mean?”

2005-07 Mellon Foundation/Lafayette College “Community of Scholars” Grant

“A Longitudinal Study of Free Black Mobility”

2003-04 Richard King Mellon Foundation/Lafayette College Summer Research Grant

“Race and Criminal Justice in the Nineteenth-Century Mid-Atlantic”

2000-01 Richard King Mellon Foundation/Lafayette College Summer Research Grant

“In the Shadow of Slavery: The Economic Status of Free Blacks in the Old South”

2000-01 Academic Research Committee, Lafayette College

“Black-White Differences in Occupation and Wealth Accumulation”

1997-98 Richard King Mellon Foundation/Lafayette College Summer Research Grant

“An Anthropometric History of Free Blacks in Antebellum Virginia”

1997-98 Academic Research Committee, Lafayette College

“The Health and Nutrition of Blacks in Antebellum Virginia”

1995-96 Committee on Advanced Study and Research, Lafayette College

“Country Banking in Antebellum America”

1993-94 Committee on Advanced Study and Research, Lafayette College

“Finance and Enterprise in Antebellum America”

1991-92 Faculty Development Research Grant, St. Lawrence University

“Private Banking in Antebellum Virginia”

1990-91 Faculty Development Research Grant, St. Lawrence University

“Capital Mobility and Market Integration in Early America”

1989-90 Dissertation Grant, Rutgers University

“Early Banking in Pennsylvania”

Honors and Awards

2003 Mary Louis VanArtsdalen Prize for Scholarly Achievement, Lafayette College

2003 Student Government Superior Teaching Award, Lafayette College

1999 Otto Eckstein Prize for best article in Eastern Economic Journal

1993 Arthur H. Cole Award for best article in Journal of Economic History

1988 Teaching Excellence for Teaching Assistant, Rutgers University

Editorial Boards and Other Professional Service

2008- Eastern Economic Journal, board of editors

2007-08 NBER-DAE Summer Institute Co-organizer

2006-10 Journal of Economic History, board of editors

2006- Alice Hanson Jones Prize Committee for Economic History Association

2005- Co-editor of Studies in Financial and Economic History, Yale University Press

2005-08 Audit and Budget Committee, Economic History Association

2004-08 Financial History Review, board of editors

2001- Explorations in Economic History, board of editors

2002-05 Committee on Research in Economic History, Economic History Association (chair 04/05)

2001 Co-convener EHA Dissertation Session

2001 Conference Reporter, Cliometric Society Newsletter, BHC Conference

Reviewing of Manuscripts and Proposals

Journals: Business History Review; Comparative Economic Systems; Contemporary Economic Policy; Critical Review; Eastern Economic Journal; Economic History Review; Explorations in Economic History; Industrial and Labor Relations Review; Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization; Journal of Economic Education; Journal of Economic History; Journal of Economics; Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking; Journal of Politics; Review of Economics and Statistics; Review of Iowa; Social Science Quarterly

Presses: Cambridge University Press; W.W. Norton & Co.; Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall; Routledge; University Press of Virginia; Yale University Press

Foundations: National Science Foundation; Earhart Foundation

PUBLICATIONS

Books

A History of Banking in Antebellum America: Financial Markets and Economic Development in an Age of Nation Building. Cambridge Studies in Macroeconomic History. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

State Banking in Early America: A New Economic History. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Chapter 1 reprinted in Newsletter of the Cliometric Society 17:3 (Fall 2002)

Excerpts from Chapter 1 reprinted in Lafayette Magazine 73:2 (Spring 2004)

Nominated for biennial Alice Hanson Jones Prize, EHA (2004)

Articles and Book Chapters

Banking and Financial Intermediation

“Entry, Rivalry and Free Banking in Antebellum America.” Review of Economics and Statistics 72, no. 4 (November 1990), pp. 682-686.

with Hugh Rockoff. “Regional Interest Rates in Antebellum America.” In Strategic Factors in American Economic History: A Volume to Honor Robert W. Fogel, pp. 159-187. Edited by Claudia Goldin and Hugh Rockoff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

“Capital Mobility and Financial Integration in Antebellum America.” Journal of Economic History 52, no. 3 (September 1992), pp. 585-610.

Recipient of Arthur H. Cole Award for Best Article in JEH (September 1993)

“Free Banking in Ireland.” In The Experience of Free Banking, pp. 137-156. Edited by Kevin Dowd. London: Routledge Press, 1992.

“The Business Cycle and Entry in Early American Banking Markets.” Review of Economics and Statistics 75, no. 3 (August 1993), pp. 531-535.

“Small Denomination Banknotes in Antebellum America.” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 25, no. 4 (November 1993), pp. 812-827.

with Steven Horwitz. “A Property Rights Approach to Free Banking.” Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines 5, no. 4 (December 1994), pp. 505-519.

with Michael Haupert. “Was there a Note Issue Conundrum in the Free Banking Era?” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 27, no. 3 (August 1995), pp. 702-712.

“A More Perfect Union: Regional Interest Rates in the Twentieth Century United States.” in Anglo-American Financial Systems: Institutions and Markets in the Twentieth Century, pp. 415-453. Edited by Michael Bordo and Richard Sylla. Burr Ridge, Ill.: Irwin, 1996.

“Zombie Banks and the Demise of New York’s Safety Fund.” Eastern Economic Journal 22, no. 1 (Winter 1996), pp. 21-33.

with Michael Haupert. “The Note Issue Paradox in the Free Banking Era.” Journal of Economic History 56, no. 3 (September 1996), pp. 687-693.

“Private Banking in Antebellum Virginia: Thomas Branch & Sons of Petersburg.” Business History Review 71, no. 4 (Winter 1997), pp. 513-542.

“Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?” Eastern Economic Journal 24, no. 1 (Winter 1998), pp. 7-24.

Recipient of the Otto Eckstein Prize for best article in EEJ (March 1999)

“Free Banking and Financial Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth Century New York: The Black River Bank of Watertown.” Business and Economic History 27, no. 1 (Fall 1998), pp. 102-114.

“An Engine of Growth: Real Bills and Schumpeterian Banking in Antebellum New York.” Explorations in Economic History 36, no. 3 (July 1999), pp. 278-302.

“Antebellum Banking.” In EH.net Online Encyclopedia of Economic History. Edited by Robert Whaples. (2002).

“Banking and Finance.” in Oxford Companion to United States History, pp. 61-62. Edited by Paul Boyer. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

“Making the Little Guy Pay: Payments System Networks, Cross-Subsidization, and the Collapse of the Suffolk System.” Journal of Economic History 62, no. 1 (March 2002), pp. 147-169.

“Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Relationships: Relationship Lending in Early America.” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 35, no. 4 (August 2003), pp. 485-506.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #H137 (December 2001)

“Banknotes.” In Encyclopedia of American Business History. Edited by Charles Geisst. Facts on File Publishing, 2005.

“Credit Rating Agencies.” In Encyclopedia of American Business History. Edited by Charles Geisst. Facts on File Publishing, 2005.

“Bank Chartering and Political Corruption in Antebellum New York: Free Banking as Reform.” In Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America’s History, pp. 231-257. Edited by Edward Glaeser and Claudia Goldin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #10479 (May 2004)

with Eugene N. White. “Financial Intermediaries and Their Regulation.” In Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Volume 3: pp. 589-592; 632-730. Edited by Susan B. Carter, Scott Garner, Michael R. Haines, Alan L. Olmstead, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

“Usury Ceilings and Bank Lending Behavior: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century New York.” Explorations in Economic History 4:2 (April 2007), 179-202.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #11734 (November 2005).

African American History

“A Troublesome Caste: Height and Nutrition of Antebellum Virginia’s Rural Free Blacks.” Journal of Economic History 59, no. 4 (December 1999), pp. 972-996.

“The Mulatto Advantage: The Biological Consequences of Complexion among Free Blacks in Antebellum Virginia.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 33, no. 1 (Summer 2002), pp. 21-46.

“The Complexion Gap: The Economic Consequences of Color among Free African Americans in the Rural Antebellum South.” Advances in Agricultural Economic History 2 (2003), pp. 41-73.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #8957 (May 2002)

“Colorism, Complexion Homogamy and Household Wealth: Some Historical Evidence,” American Economic Review 96:2 (May 2006), 256-60.

“Single Parenthood and Childhood Outcomes in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Urban South,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 38:1 (Summer 2007), 33-64.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #12056 (February 2006).

with Christopher S. Ruebeck. “Colourism and African-American Wealth: Evidence from the Nineteenth-Century South.” Journal of Population Economics 20:3 (forthcoming 2007).

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #11732 (November 2005).

Academic and Other Labor Markets

“Teachers, and Scholars Too: Economic Scholarship at Elite Liberal Arts Colleges.” Journal of Economic Education 28, no. 4 (Fall 1997), pp. 323-336.

“Economic Scholarship at Elite Liberal Arts Colleges: A Citations Analysis with Rankings.” Journal of Economic Education 34, no. 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 341-359.

with Susan Averett and Justas Staisiunas. “Unemployment Risk and Compensating Differentials in Late-Nineteenth Century New Jersey Manufacturing.” Economic Inquiry 43:4 (October 2005), pp. 734-49.

Originally appeared as NBER working paper #9977 (September 2003).

Other Scholarship

with Peter Asch, David Levy, and Dennis Shea. “Risk Compensation and the Effectiveness of Safety Belt Use Laws: A Case Study of New Jersey.” Policy Sciences 24, no. 3 (August 1991), pp. 187-197.

“Reconstruction and Beyond: Economics.” In The American Civil War: A Handbook of Research and Literature, pp. 461-475. Edited by Steven Woodworth. Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1996.

“Tractors, Trains, and Trolleys: Comments on Grove, Schiffman, and Smith.” Journal of Economic History 62, no. 2 (June 2002), pp. 560-565.

“E. H. Harriman.” In Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History. Edited by Joel Mokyr. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Book Reviews

Benjamin Klebaner. American Commercial Banking: A History (Boston: Twayne Publishing Company, 1990), in Journal of Economic History 52, no. 1 (March 1992), pp. 241-242.

James R. Barth. The Great Savings and Loan Debacle (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1991), in Journal of Economic Literature 30, no. 4 (December 1992), pp. 2155-2156.

R. Glenn Hubbard (editor). Financial Markets and Financial Crises (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), in Journal of Economic History 52, no. 4 (December 1992), pp. 974-976.

Lawrence H. White (editor). Free Banking. Volume 1: Nineteenth Century Thought (Brookfield, Vt.: Edward Elgar, 1993), in Business Library Review 21, no. 1 (February 1996), pp. 12-16.

Lawrence H. White (editor). Free Banking: Volume II: History and Volume III: Modern Theory and Policy. (Brookfield, Vt.: Edward Elgar, 1993), in Business Library Review 21, no. 3 (December 1996), pp. 213-222.

Gretchen Ritter. Goldbugs and Greenbacks: The Antimonopoly Tradition and the Politics of Finance in America, 1865-1896 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), in Business History Review 73, no. 2 (Summer 1999), pp. 277-279.

Alice Teichova, Ginette Kurgan-van Hentenryk, and Dieter Ziegler (editors). Banking, Trade, and Industry: Europe, America, and Asia from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), in Journal of Economic History 59, no. 3 (September 1999), pp. 858-860.

Kevin Dowd and Richard H. Timberlake (editors). Money and the Nation State: The Financial Revolution, Government, and the World Monetary System (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers for the Independent Institute, 1998), in EH.net (November 1999).

Reprinted in Monthly Review of CEDEFNA 29 (March 2000)

Reprinted at inet-one.com/cypherpunks

Reprinted at lists.econ.utah / pipermail/leninist-international/1999-November/005419.html

John Komlos and Timothy Cuff (editors). Classics in Anthropometric History (St. Katherinen, Germany: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, 1998), in Journal of Economic History 59, no. 4 (December 1999), pp. 1147-48.

Elmus Wicker. Banking Panics in the Gilded Age (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), in Journal of Interdisciplinary History 32, no. 3 (January 2002), pp. 497-498.

Frederick Turner (editor). Shakespeare’s Twenty-First Century Economics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), in Shakespeare Bulletin 20, no. 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 46-47.

Jeffrey Young. Economics as Moral Science: The Political Economy of Adam Smith (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1997), in Economics & Business Newsletter 1, no. 1 (Winter 2002), p. 3.

Harold James. The End of Globalization (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), in Economics & Business Newsletter 1, no. 2 (Summer 2002), p. 3.

Thomas Sargent and Francois Velde. The Big Problem with Small Change (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), in Economics & Business Newsletter 2:1 (Winter 2003), p. 3.

Dan Rottenberg. The Man Who Made Wall Street: Anthony J. Drexel and the Rise of Modern Finance (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001) in Journal of American History (March 2003), pp. 1547-1548.

Tyler Cowen. In Praise of Commercial Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), in Economics & Business Newsletter 2:2 (Summer 2003), p. 4.

Robert E. Wright. Hamilton Unbound. (Praeger Press, 2001) in EH.net Book Reviews (August 2003).

Gene Smiley. Rethinking the Great Depression: A New View of its Causes and Consequences (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), in Business History Review (Spring 2004), pp.134-137.

Stefano Battilossi and Youssef Cassis (editors). European Banks and the American Challenge: Competition and Cooperation in International Banking under Bretton Woods (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), in Financial History Review.

Howard M. Wachtel. Street of Dreams -- Boulevard of Broken Hearts: Wall Street’s First Century (London and Sterling, Va.: Pluto Press, 2003), in Journal of American History (March 2005), p. 78.

Sean Patrick Adams. Old Dominion Industrial Commonwealth: Coal, Politics, and Economy in Antebellum America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004) in EH.net Book Reviews, 2005.

Peter Krass. Blood & Whiskey: The Life and Times of Jack Daniel (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004), in Economics & Business Newsletter 4:2 (Summer 2005), p. 7.

John H. Wood. A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) in Journal of Economic History 66:1 (March 2006), pp. 260-262.

David W. Galenson, Artistic Capital (New York and London: Routledge, 2006) in Economics and Business Newsletter 5:2 (Summer 2006), p. 4.

Robert E. Wright and David Cohen, Financial Founding Fathers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), in Business History 49:3 (May 2007), 394-95.

Botti, Timothy J. Envy of the World: A History of U.S. Economy & Big Business (New York: Algora Publishing 2006), in EH.net (February 2007). Available at http://eh.net.bookreviews/library/1186

Philip T. Hoffman, Gilles Postel-Vinay and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. Surviving Large Losses: Financial Crises, the Middle Class, and the Development of Capital Markets (Cambridge, Mass. and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007). Forthcoming at EH.net.

Jose R. Torre. The Political Economy of Sentiment: Paper Credit and the Scottish Enlightenment in Early Republic Boston, 1780-1820 (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2007). Forthcoming Economic History Review.

Miscellany

“Introduction to Differential Tolerances and Accepted Punishments for Disobedient Indentured Servants, by Melissa Roe. Winner of the Cliometric Society Undergraduate Paper Prize (1996). In Newsletter of the Cliometric Society 11:3 (October 1996), p. 3.

Abstract of “A Most Wretched Class: Heights, Health and Nutrition of Free Blacks in Antebellum Virginia.” Journal of Economic History 58, no. 2 (June 1998), pp. 560-561.

with Lucy Newton. “Conference Report on 2001 Business History Conference,” Newsletter of the Cliometric Society 16:2 (Summer 2001).

“Interview with Richard Sylla,” Newsletter of the Cliometric Society 17:1 (Spring 2002), pp. 3-10.

“Interview with Hugh Rockoff,” Newsletter of the Cliometric Society 18:2 (Summer 2003), pp. 3-10.

Papers in Working Paper Series

“Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Relationships: Relationship Lending in Early America.” NBER working paper #H137 (December 2001). Published in Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 35, no. 4 (August 2003), pp. 485-506.

“Partnership and Hold-up in Early America.” NBER working paper #8814 (March 2002).

“The Complexion Gap: The Economics Consequences of Color among Free African Americans in the Rural Antebellum South.” NBER working paper #8957 (May 2002). Published in Advances in Agricultural Economic History 2 (2003), pp. 41-73.

“Just and Reasonable Treatment: Racial Differences in the Terms of Pauper Apprenticeship in Antebellum Maryland.” NBER working paper #9752 (June 2003).

with Christopher S. Ruebeck. “The Economics of Identity and the Endogeneity of Race.” NBER working paper #9962 (September 2003). Superceded by “Colorism and African American Wealth,” NBER working paper #11732 (November 2005).

with Susan Averett and Justas Staisiunas. “Unemployment Risk and Compensating Differentials in Late-Nineteenth Century New Jersey Manufacturing.” NBER working paper #9977 (September 2003). Published in Economic Inquiry 43:4 (October 2005), pp. 734-49.

“Bank Chartering and Political Corruption in Antebellum New York: Free Banking as Reform.” NBER working paper #10479 (May 2004). Published in Corruption and Reform, pp. 231-57. Edited by Edward Glaeser and Claudia Goldin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006..

“Free Banking and Bank Entry in Nineteenth-Century New York.” NBER working paper #10654 (August 2004). To revise and resubmit to Financial History Review.

“Usury Ceilings, Relationships, and Bank Lending Behavior: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century NewYork.” NBER working paper #11734 (November 2005). Forthcoming in Explorations in Economic History

with Christopher S. Ruebeck. “Colorism and African-American Wealth: Evidence from the Nineteenth-Century South.” NBER working paper #11732 (November 2005). Forthcoming in Journal of Population Economics.

“Urban Poverty, School Attendance, and Adolescent Labor Force Attachment: Some Historical Evidence.” NBER working paper #12043 (February 2006). Under review at Economics of Education Review.

“Single Parenthood and Childhood Outcomes in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Urban South,” NBER working paper #12056 (February 2006). Forthcoming in Journal of Interdisciplinary History.

Work in Progress

* = drafted and complete

‡ = incomplete or not fully drafted

Books

‡ The Complexion Gap: The Economic Consequences of Skin Color among Free African Americans in the Antebellum South. Book-length manuscript in progress.

Current Working Papers

* with Susan Averett and Christopher S. Ruebeck, “Acting Out not Acting White: Risky Behavior among White, Black and Mixed-Race Youth.” (February 2006). Under review at BEP Press.

* with Susan Averett and Christopher S. Ruebeck, “Assessing the Academic Achievement of Biracial African American Youth: Evidence from the Add Health In-School Survey.” (March 2006).

* “Temperance Reform and Criminal Sentencing in Nineteenth Century Maryland.” (July 2006).

* “Partnership, Entity Shielding and Bank Credit” (December 2006). Under review at Journal of Law, Economics & Organization.

* “Cautious, Industrious & Fortunate: Black Entrepreneurship in Three Antebellum Southern Cities,” (February 2007).

* “The Political Economy of Reform in Jacksonian New York,” (April 2007).

‡ with Christopher S. Ruebeck, “The Efficiency of New Jersey’s Late Nineteenth Century Oyster Fleet. Data collected, preliminary results.

‡ with Harold Hochman, “Property Rights, Redistribution and Legal Statis in New Jersey’s Nineteenth Century Oyster Beds.”

‡ “The Distribution of Wealth in Late Antebellum Virginia: Evidence from the State Tax Records.” Data collected, entered, and (mostly) cleaned.

‡ “Irish Mist: Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Old South.” Data collection in progress.

‡ Collaboration with John Wallis on antebellum canal financing and banks. Data collection in progress.

Conference and Seminar Presentations

“Criminal Sentencing in Nineteenth Century Pennsylvania”

Queens University – Law School (October 2007)

“Political Economy of Banking Reform in Jacksonian New York”

Yale University (April 2007)

Queens University – Economics (October 2007)

“Partnership, Entity Shielding and Bank Credit.”

Wesleyan University (February 2007).

All-NY Economic History Seminar / Columbia University (March 2007).

NBER (March 2007).

“Colorism, Complexion Homogamy, and Household Wealth: Some Historical Evidence”

AEA/NEA session at ASSA annual meetings, Boston (January 2006)

“Single Parenthood and Childhood Outcomes in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Urban South.”

EHA session at ASSA/Boston (January 2006)

“Balancing the Demands of Multiple Audiences in Interdisciplinary Scholarship”

College Writing Program’s “Writing Professor” seminar, Lafayette College (November 2005)

“Colorism and African-American Wealth: Evidence from the Nineteenth-Century South” (with Christopher S. Ruebeck).

NEA session at ASSA/Boston (January 2006)

Southern Economic Association (November 2005)

Persistent Racial Inequality conference, Florida State University (March 2005)

“Usury Ceilings, Relationships, and Bank Lending Behavior: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century NewYork.”

Yale University (September 2006)

Rutgers University (April 2005)

“The Economic Consequences of Colorism and Complexion Homogamy in the Black Community”

Southern Economic Association meetings (November 2005)

NBER (March 2005)

Lafayette College (October 2004)

SUNY-Binghamton (October 2004)

“Bank Chartering and Political Corruption in Antebellum New York: Free Banking as Reform”

Yale University (November 2004)

NBER Conference on Corruption and Reform (July 2004)

New York University (April 2004)

NBER Pre-conference on Corruption and Reform (July 2003)

Rutgers University (April 2003)

“The Economic of Identity and the Endogeneity of Race” (with Christopher S. Ruebeck)

Brookings Institution, MacArthur Network on Social Interactions (December 2003)

Lehigh University (September 2003)

NBER DAE program meetings (March 2003)

Cliometric Society session at ASSA/Washington (January 2003)

George Mason University (December 2002)

“Race, Imprisonment, and Criminal Sentencing in Maryland, 1828-1860" (with Veronica Hart)

Wesleyan University (January 2004)

St. Lawrence University (September 2003)

“Just and Reasonable Treatment: Racial Differences in the Terms of Pauper Apprenticeship in Antebellum Maryland.”

Social Science History Conference (November 2003)

“Short-Term Loans and Long-Term Relationships: Relationship Lending in Early America.”

Rutgers University (November 2001)

University of Delaware (March 2001)

“Tractors, Trains, and Trolleys: Comments on Grove, Schiffman, and Smith.”

EHA Annual Meetings (October 2001)

“Partnership and Holdup in Early America”

St. Lawrence University (September 2003)

University of Maryland (October 2001)

Business History Conference (April 2001)

Cliometric Sessions at ASSA Meetings/New Orleans (January 2001)

“Making the Little Guy Pay: Payments System Networks, Cross-Subsidization, and the Collapse of the Suffolk System.”

St. Lawrence University (October 2000)

NBER DAE Summer Institute (July 2000)

Lehigh University (April 1996)

“The Complexion Gap: The Economics Consequences of Color among Free African Americans in the Rural Antebellum South.”

Lafayette College (November 1999)

“Early Achievement of Modern Growth Profiles: Height and Health of Free Black Children in Antebellum Virginia.”

Cliometric Society sessions at ASSA meetings, New York City (January 1999)

“A Troublesome Caste: Height and Nutrition of Antebellum Virginia’s Rural Free Blacks.”

Economic History Association Conference (September 1997)

Lafayette College (May 1997)

Wesleyan University (April 1997)

“Free Banking and Financial Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth Century New York: The Black River Bank of Watertown.”

Business History Conference (April 1998)

“A More Perfect Union: Regional Interest Rates in the Twentieth Century United States.”

Anglo-American Finance Conference, New York University (month 1994)

“Zombie Banks and the Demise of New York’s Safety Fund.”

Lafayette College (March 1992)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (January 1992)

“Small Denomination Banknotes in Antebellum America.”

Ball State University (February 1992)

“A Property Rights Approach to Free Banking.”

St. Lawrence University (1992)

Atlantic Economic Society Conference (1992)

“Capital Mobility and Financial Integration in Early America”

University of Akron (March 1991)

Miami University (February 1991)